Encephalitis

There are several possible causes of encephalitis. Most often it is caused by a virus, such as enterovirus, herpes simplex virus, or West Nile virus. It can also be caused by a bacterial infection or by unusual agents such as Lyme disease, tuberculosis, or even parasites.

Aside from infection, an autoimmune condition can also cause encephalitis. This is when the body's own immune system attacks the brain tissue.

Your physician will start by reviewing your child’s health history – asking questions about his or her vaccine history, recent illnesses, and travel. Your physician might also order a variety of tests such as an MRI, CT scan, blood tests, and EEG.

Encephalitis requires treatment right away, and the child will need to stay in the hospital to be closely monitored. Treatment will depend on the child’s symptoms, age, and severity of the condition. Doctors will closely watch the child’s blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and bodily fluid levels to prevent further inflammation of the brain.

The goal of treatment is to reduce the inflammation and to prevent complications. Your child will likely need to take medicine to stop the infection and to control seizures and/or fever.

Some children recover completely from encephalitis. Others may need physical, occupational, or speech therapy to overcome the effects. Continued care by a Child Neurologist in the clinic will be needed to ensure the best possible outcome.

Encephalitis Society